Powder-based directed energy deposition (DED) uses a focused energy source, such as a laser beam (DED-LB) or electron beam (DED-EB) to melt the metal powders. The material is melted at the same time as it is deposited by a nozzle. Like PBF, the laser or electron beam melts the material, layer by layer into the final geometry. Hybrid systems have been developed that include CNC machining capabilities for improved design and dimensional control capabilities.
Advantages of directed energy deposition (DED) technology
DED distributes the material and laser through one head, it can repair existing parts. This could be a particularly attractive quality for some businesses that may only need small repairs rather than pay the greater expense of recreating a new part from scratch. Another benefit of DED is it can print much larger parts than any other technology. As it uses a robotic arm to print parts, the size of parts it can create is limitless in theory. This creates many opportunities for companies looking to use DED as their method of metal 3D printing. Lastly, the build rate of DED printers is higher than other technologies. This once again makes it an attractive method for producing very large parts quickly and cost-efficiently.
Disadvantages of directed energy deposition (DED) technology
DED machines can be expensive and most DED manufactured components require more post-processing due to the poor resolution of the printed part, increasing the lead-time and manufacturing costs.